Pedestrians
In 2011, 4,432 pedestrians were killed and an estimated 69,000 were injured in traffic crashes in the United States. On average, a pedestrian was killed every two hours and injured every eight minutes in traffic crashes.
A pedestrian, as defined for the purpose of this Traffic Safety Fact Sheet, is any person on foot, walking, running, jogging, hiking, sitting or lying down who is involved in a motor vehicle traffic crash. Also, a traffic crash is defined as an incident that involves one or more vehicles where at least one vehicle is in transport and the crash originates on a public trafficway. Crashes that occurred exclusively on private property, including parking lots and driveways, were excluded.
The 4,432 pedestrian fatalities in 2011 were an increase of 3 percent from 2010, but a decrease of 7 percent from 2002. In 2011, pedestrian deaths accounted for 14 percent of all traffic fatalities, and made up 3 percent of all the people injured in traffic crashes (Table 1).
In 2011, almost three-fourths (73%) of pedestrian fatalities occurred in an urban setting versus a rural setting. Over two-thirds (70%) of pedestrian fatalities occurred at non-intersections versus at intersections. Eighty-eight percent of pedestrian fatalities occurred during normal weather conditions (clear/cloudy), compared to rain, snow and foggy conditions. A majority of the pedestrian fatalities, 70 percent, occurred during the nighttime (6 p.m. – 5:59 a.m). Between 2010 and 2011 all these percentages stayed relatively level (Table 2).
Age
Older pedestrians (age 65+) accounted for 19 percent (844) of all pedestrian fatalities and an estimated 10 percent (7,000) of all pedestrians injured in 2011 (Table 3).
In 2011, the fatality rate for older pedestrians (age 65+) was 2.04 per 100,000 population – higher than the rate for all the other ages (Table 4).
In 2011, over one-fifth (21%) of all children between the ages of 10 and 15 who were killed in traffic crashes were pedestrians. Children age 15 and younger accounted for 6 percent of the pedestrian fatalities in 2011 and 19 percent of all pedestrians injured in traffic crashes (Table 3).
Gender
In 2011, more than two-thirds (70%) of the pedestrians killed were males, and the male pedestrian fatality rate per 100,000 population was 2.01 — more than double the rate for females (0.85 per 100,000 population). The male pedestrian injury rate per 100,000 population was 24, compared with 20 for female (Table 4).
Time of Day and Day of Week
Thirty-two percent of the pedestrian fatalities occurred in crashes between 8 p.m. and 11:59 p.m. The highest percentage of weekday and weekend fatalities also occurred between 8 p.m. and 11:59 p.m. (27% and 39%, respectively). The lowest occurred between noon and 3:59 p.m. (10% and 4%, respectively; Figure 1).
Alcohol Involvement
Alcohol involvement — either for the driver or for the pedestrian — was reported in 48 percent of the traffic crashes that resulted in pedestrian fatalities. Of the pedestrians involved, 35 percent had a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of .08 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or higher. Of the drivers involved in these fatal crashes, only 13 percent had a BAC of .08 g/dL or higher (Table 5). Of the pedestrians who were killed in fatal crashes, 37 percent had a BAC of .08 g/dL or higher. Pedestrians ages 25-34 who were killed had the highest percentage of alcohol impairment at 50 percent (Table 6).
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